GGU-UNDERPIN: Area loads
Up to 20 area loads can be positioned on the active side at any height.
Figure 8 Area load
The slip surface angle for the active earth pressure resulting from the self-weight of the soil is adopted for analysis compliant to DIN 4085.
When there are a number of soil layers, GGU-UNDERPIN moves from layer to layer applying the appropriate angles of friction. The type of the resulting earth pressure distribution can be specified in 4 different ways.
For at-rest earth pressure, the area loads are calculated by increasing by the factor k0/kah in compliance with DIN 4085 Section 6.4.3.
Alternatively, it is possible to determine the demands placed on a wall from area loads using the theory of elastic half-space. The two load concentration factors '3' and '4' can be taken into consideration (see also Figure 9).
For over consolidated, cohesive soils the concentration factor '3' applies, where:
For non-cohesive soils, or for cohesive but not over consolidated soils, the concentration factor '4' applies, where:
Figure 9 At-rest earth pressure from area loads
With regard to the kind of earth pressure, area loads can be defined independent of the global preferences (see menu item "Editor 1/Type of earth pressure").